Civic Engagement: Contrasting Input and Participation

The difference between input and participation can be compared to ham and eggs. The chicken gives her input. The pig participates. Practically every local government pays lip service to the right of citizens to be involved in decisions that affect them. Officials strive to go beyond the letter of the law, encouraging both ‘input’ and ‘participation.’ These words are often used interchangeably, but they signify radically different frameworks for local democracy and the concept of citizenship

New Attachment of Connective Tissues to Human Teeth Involved in Chronic Periodontal Disease : A Histologic Study

Reconstruction of the periodontium destroyed by periodontal disease may be considered an ultimate goal of reconstructive periodontal therapy. To date, there has been no concrete evidence demonstrating this phenomenon in humans. Garrett (1978) has shown that citric acid, after application to root planed tooth surfaces, produces a four micron wide demineralized zone which is characterized by exposed collagen fibers. It is impossible that this demineraIization may lead to new attachment by enhancing cementogenesis or by exposing root surface-fibers which by simple fibrogenesis may splint to fibers of the healing surgical wound. Register (1973) and Register and Burdick (1975) have reported accelerated reattachment and cementogenesis when citric acid was applied to surgically created root surfaces. Recently Crigger et al (1978) utilizing citric acid has reported new attachment in surgically created chronic furcation defects in dogs. This study was designed to study the effects of topically applied citric acid in achieving new connective tissue attachment to human teeth involved in chronic periodontal lesions. Teeth utilized in this study were those scheduled for extractions before the insertion of prosthetic appliances. The experimental teeth met the criteria of having pocket depths of at least six millimeters with clinically demonstrable calculus formation. Ten surfaces of eight anterior teeth and one premolar in six patients were chosen. When proficiency in oral hygiene was demonstrated, a Widman flap was elevated and a notch was inscribed on the root surface of the tooth. The notch was placed within the calculus formation with the apical extent of the notch placed at the apical extent of the calculus. The root surfaces were thoroughly planed, topically etched with citric acid for five minutes and rinsed. Care was taken to insure primary closure of the flaps. The teeth were allowed to heal for a period of four months and were then removed by block section. The specimens were analyzed histologicaIIy at 180 M intervals using high and low magnifications to determine: I) the extent of gingival recession, 2) the amount of connective tissue healing, 3) the amount of new cementum formation coronal and apical to the notch, 4) the dimensions of the notch, 5) the apical extent of the junctional epithelium, 6) the distance from the notch to the apical extent of the root. Sections were made longitudinally in a mesial-distaI or buccal-lingual plane dependent on the location of the notch at six micron intervals. The means and standard deviations are given for the sections analyzed. All sections had new connective tissues including cementum. This new attachment extended a mean of 1.96 ± mm coronal to the apical extent of the reference notch. The sulcus depth was reduced to 1.93 ± mm (mean). new cementum was found 0.87 ± mm (mean) coronal to the reference notch. The results of this study are exciting: 1) a method has been introduced whereby positive evidence of attachment may be evaluated, 2) evidence of new attachment with and without cementogensis has been demonstrated. Especially interesting are the areas of connective tissue healing without evidence of cementogensis. It is impossible to determine the nature of this healing at the light microscopic level. If acid exposed fibers are able to function in a similar manner as vital connective tissue fibers retained on root surfaces, then it is possible that new cementum formation may no longer be required for new attachment of connective tissues. Indeed, this splicing of fibers exposed during citric acid demineralization has recently been demonstrated by Ririe (1787) in a TEM study in dogs. Additional TEM studies utilizing citric acid are needed in periodontally involved human teeth. It is important to identify the nature of the connective tissues attachment achieved as this may open a new phase in reconstructive periodontics

The Journal of the Center for Interdisciplinary Teaching and Learning

IMPACT: The Journal of the Center for Interdisciplinary Teaching & Learning is a peer-reviewed, biannual online journal that publishes scholarly and creative non-fiction essays about the theory, practice and assessment of interdisciplinary education. Impact is produced by the Center for Interdisciplinary Teaching & Learning at the College of General Studies, Boston University (www.bu.edu/cgs/citl).In this issue, podcasts are looked at as a pedagogical game changer. Using the award-wining podcast Serial as their catalyst, this issue's essayists look at podcast's emerging role in higher education, how multimodal learning can help students find their voices, the podcast's place in the curriculum at a criminal justice college, and how podcasts can inspire students to reflectively assess their own writing. Our reviewers take a critical look at the podcasts Welcome to Night Vale and Revisionist History

Eduardo Mujica con Universidad Católica de Chile -Corporación de Televisión

<p>Mean (SEM) percent pre-CS freezing for Experiment 1.</p

Commercial Crew Cost Estimating - A Look at Estimating Processes, Challenges and Lessons Learned

To support annual PPBE budgets and NASA HQ requests for cost information for commercial crew transportation to the International Space Station (ISS), the NASA ISS ACES team developed system development and per flight cost estimates for the potential providers for each annual PPBE submit from 2009-2014. This paper describes the cost estimating processes used, challenges and lessons learned to develop estimates for this key NASA project that diverted from the traditional procurement approach and used a new way of doing busines

Notre Dame Law School Religious Liberty Initiative

I want Notre Dame to be a light for the people who are suffering darkness. I want this to be a place that people all around the world can see as a source of hope, where they can find people who are willing to fight for them, for their religious freedom and for their human flourishing. — Dean G. Marcus Cole, Notre Dame Law School Learn more about Notre Dame Law School\u27s Religious Liberty Initiative at https://law.nd.edu/RLI

Pan American Climate Study (PACS) mooring deployment cruise report : R/V Roger Revelle cruise number Genesis 4, 9 April-5 May 1997

Three surface moorings were deployed in the eastern equatorial Pacifc from the R/V Roger Revelle as part of the Pan American Climate Study (PACS). PACS is a NOAA-funded study with the goal of investigating links between sea surface temperature varabilty in the tropical oceans near the Americas and climate over the American continents. The three moorings were deployed near 125°W, spanning the strong meridional sea surface temperature gradient associated with the cold tongue south of the equator and the warmer ocean north of the equator, near the northernmost, summer location of the Intertropical Convergence Zone. The mooring deployment was done to improve understading of the air-sea fluxes and of the processes that control the evolution of the sea surface temperature field in the region. Two surface moorings of the Upper Ocean Processes Group at the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (WHOI) were deployed-one at 3°S, 125°W and the other at lO°N, 125°W. One mooring from the Ocean Circulation Group (R. Weisberg) at the University of South Florida (USP) was deployed on the equator at 128°W. The buoys of the two WHOI moorings were each equipped with meteorological instrmentation, including a Vector Averaging Wind Recorder, and an Improved Meteorological (IMET) system. The WHOI moorings also carried Vector Measurng Current Meters, single-point temperature recorders, and conductivity and temperature recorders located in the upper 200 meters of the mooring line. In addition to the instrumentation noted above, a variety of other instruments, including an acoustic current meter, acoustic doppler current meters, bio-optical instrument packages and an acoustic rain gauge, were deployed during the PACS field program. The USF mooring had an IMET system on the surface buoy and for oceanographic instrumentation, two RD Instruments acoustic doppler current profilers, single-point temperature recorders, and conductivity and temperature recorders. Conductivity-temperature-depth (CTD) profiles were made at each mooring site and during the transit between mooring locations. This report describes, in a general manner, the work that took place durig the Genesis 4 cruise aboard the R/V Roger Revelle. The three surface moorings deployed during this cruise will be recovered and re-deployed after approximately nine months, with a final recovery planned for 17 months after the first setting. Details of the mooring designs and preliminary data from the CT profies are included.Funding was provided by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration under Contract No. NA66GP0130

\u27I Can Become a Doctor Too\u27. Medical Libraries Influence on Community Health and Education

Objective: This poster discusses library collaboration with a community center to promote health as a profession and promote health information literacy in the African American community. Methods: Library staff reached out to a local community center with the intention of introducing the health professions to students in the community. The library scheduled medical, pharmacy and physical therapy students to do unique classes for different ages of children. This relationship developed into further classes involving librarians who did health literacy classes for seniors in the community center and sponsored exercise classes and became involved in health fairs in the center. This effort expanded into the churches. The medical library was able to obtain multiple NNLM grants and was given a permanent room in the community center which serves as a teaching center with five personal computers, a screen, projector, instructor’s station, print materials, and blood pressure machine. Results: As a result of this collaboration relationships were developed with the local African American community which resulted in a medical school wide initiative to recruit African American males to become physicians using the “Dr. Dale” video and recruiting former minority medical school graduates to speak. This event was targeted towards high school and undergraduate students as well as the parents of K-8 students. Conclusions and Lessons Learned: Librarians can have a substantial role in the community when it comes to reaching out to underserved populations. It takes commitment, time, and creativity. This type of work is very rewarding. Medical Libraries need to be involved in solving the problem of the decline of black doctors in the U.S. since 1978